Anionic Regulated NiFe (Oxy)Sulfide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation

The construction of active sites with intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance to overcome the limited efficiency of abundant sustainable energy devices such as fuel cells, rechargeable metal–air batteries, and in water splitting. Anionic regulation of electrocatalysts by modulating the electronic structure of active sites significantly promotes OER performance. To prove the concept, NiFeS electrocatalysts are fabricated with gradual variation of atomic ratio of S:O. With the rise of S content, the overpotential for water oxidation exhibits a volcano plot under anionic regulation. The optimized NiFeS‐2 electrocatalyst under anionic regulation possesses the lowest OER overpotential of 286 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 and the fastest kinetics being 56.3 mV dec^?1 to date. The anionic regulation methodology not only serves as an effective strategy to construct superb OER electrocatalysts, but also enlightens a new point of view for the in‐depth understanding of electrocatalysis at the electronic and atomic level.     

A Cost‐Efficient Bifunctional Ultrathin Nanosheets Array for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting

The design of cost‐efficient earth‐abundant catalysts with superior performance for the electrochemical water splitting is highly desirable. Herein, a general strategy for fabricating superior bifunctional water splitting electrodes is reported, where cost‐efficient earth‐abundant ultrathin Ni‐based nanosheets arrays are directly grown on nickel foam (NF). The newly created Ni‐based nanosheets@NF exhibit unique features of ultrathin building block, 3D hierarchical structure, and alloy effect with the optimized Ni₅Fe layered double hydroxide@NF (Ni₅Fe LDH@NF) exhibiting low overpotentials of 210 and 133 mV toward both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm^?2 in alkaline condition, respectively. More significantly, when applying as the bifunctional overall water splitting electrocatalyst, the Ni₅Fe LDH@NF shows an appealing potential of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm^?2 and also superior durability at the very high current density of 50 mA cm^?2.     

Analysis of layer splitting in x and z-cut KTiOPO4 implanted by H+ ions

H⁺ ions with various fluences are implanted into x and z-cut KTP crystals to achieve KTP film. Post-implantation annealing under different temperature is imposed on the samples to induce layer splitting and surface morphology modification. Layer exfoliation is observed in freestanding z-cut samples. Layer splitting is obtained using bonding method in x-cut sample implanted with 117 keV H⁺ ions at ion fluence of 6 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy are used to observe splitting phenomenon. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling method is employed to measure lattice damage and to investigate the relationship between implantation-induced defects and layer splitting.     

汽车胀断连杆用非调质钢的应用现状与发展

综述了胀断加工技术对连杆材料的特殊要求及胀断连杆用材料的发展现状,探讨了非调质钢胀断连杆组织性能控制的原理与策略。最后提出了扩大非调质钢应用的建议,强调应加强基础研究,揭示非调质钢的材料特性,特别是组织性能定量关系;强化"产学研用"结合,采用控锻控冷技术实现非调质钢胀断连杆组织性能的精确柔性系统控制。     

Retracted: Dual Effects of Nanostructuring and Oxygen Vacancy on Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of Superstructured and Defective Hematite Nanorods

An Ar atmospheric treatment is rationally used to etch and activate hematite nanoflakes (NFs) as photoanodes toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The formation of a highly ordered hematite nanorods (NRs) array containing a high density of oxygen vacancy is successfully prepared through in situ reduction of NFs in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, a hematite (104) plane and an iron suboxide layer at the absorber/back‐contact interface are formed. The material defects produced by a thermal oxidation method can be critical for the morphology transformation from 2D NFs to 1D NRs. The resulting hematite NR photoanodes show high efficiency toward solar water splitting with improved light harvesting capabilities, leading to an enhanced photoresponse due to the artificially formed oxygen vacancies.     

Dual Effects of Nanostructuring and Oxygen Vacancy on Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of Superstructured and Defective Hematite Nanorods

An Ar atmospheric treatment is rationally used to etch and activate hematite nanoflakes (NFs) as photoanodes toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The formation of a highly ordered hematite nanorods (NRs) array containing a high density of oxygen vacancy is successfully prepared through in situ reduction of NFs in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, a hematite (104) plane and an iron suboxide layer at the absorber/back‐contact interface are formed. The material defects produced by a thermal oxidation method can be critical for the morphology transformation from 2D NFs to 1D NRs. The resulting hematite NR photoanodes show high efficiency toward solar water splitting with improved light harvesting capabilities, leading to an enhanced photoresponse due to the artificially formed oxygen vacancies.     

湖泊整治工程二维水沙数值模拟

应用破开算子法原理,将平面二维不恒定流及泥沙扩散基本方程按不同的物理意义破成对流、扩散和传播三个子方程．基于三角形网格划分,利用有限体积守恒格式求解连续方程,用特征线方法求解对流方程并采用有限差分法求解扩散和传播方程,经数值实验及实际工程验证,该算法计算简便、边界符合良好,数值模拟精度也较高．